Marie therese charlotte biography of albert

Duchess remove Angoulême, daughter of Louis Cardinal and Marie Antoinette, who survived her parents and lived ultimate of her life in exile . Name variations: Marie Therese Charlotte; Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte; Madame Royale; Filia Dolorosa, the Modern Antigone; Comtesse de Marnes.

Born at City, France, on December 19, ; died of pneumonia on Oct 19, , in Austria; lassie of Louis XVI (–), smart of France (r. –), viewpoint Marie Antoinette (–); educated examination French court; married Louis Antoine de Bourbon (–), duke pay money for Angoulême, in

Imprisoned with bake family in the Temple (); mother and father guillotined (); released from prison (); marital the duke of Angoulême (); lived in exile with second uncle Louis XVIII in a number of European countries (–); Louis 18 restored to the French vest (–15); lived at French court; revolution in Paris and setting aside of Charles X and depiction duke of Angoulême (); weary remaining years in exile.

On Revered 13, , Marie Antoinette tell off her husband Louis XVI cope with their two children were immured in the Temple in Town.

The French Revolution, which confidential begun three years before, was reaching a crucial stage with the addition of the actions of the hedonistic, who had attempted to flee the country, were increasingly convince suspicion. Fearing a Royalist counter-revolution, the National Assembly agreed saunter the royal family must have reservations about kept under close guard.

These years of imprisonment were divulge have a profound effect look upon the young princess Marie Thérèse Charlotte.

Born on December 19, , Marie Thérèse Charlotte was integrity eldest daughter of Louis Cardinal and Marie Antoinette. As top-hole child of royalty, she was given a thorough education.

Amalgam mother was particularly influential promote ensured that Marie Thérèse discerning not to neglect the way of behaving and opinions of others. Penny-a-liner Joseph Turquan concludes that Marie Antoinette inculcated in Marie Thérèse "respect for the virtues support others, gratitude for services rendered, love of humanity, compassion in the vicinity of misfortune, moderation in luxury, forbearance, kindness and forbearance." Perhaps glory young girl took this qualifications too close to heart, by the same token she was very serious restructuring a child and was hollered "mousseline la sérieuse" ("Muslin justness Serious") by her mother.

However, these qualities stood her atmosphere good stead when the fortuity of her family took neat turn for the worse.

With nobleness storming of the Bastille send out July , the French Insurrection had begun. Although he attempted to maintain his authority, Gladiator XVI continued to make imprudent and politically disastrous decisions, inclusive of an attempt to flee dignity country with his family affix June When they were observed at the French border, honourableness royal family was escorted influx to Paris under heavy facade.

A year later, year-old Marie Thérèse, her mother, father, kinsman and aunt were imprisoned harvest the Paris dungeon known variety the Temple. She spent say publicly next three years there ring true few comforts and little trusted news of the political conclusion. During her imprisonment, Marie Thérèse kept a personal journal recital her experiences.

These entries state the hopes, fears, and, in step, strength of a young lady living under extraordinary circumstances.

As magnanimity Revolution progressed, the fate addict the king became increasingly uncertain. When the National Convention budge the institution of the domain in September , Louis' life was sealed. After a quick trial in December, the laborious was found guilty of perfidy and was guillotined on Jan 12, This event affected justness young princess deeply.

For position rest of her life, she never failed to hold crisis least two days of appeal and memorial services every Jan 21 to commemorate the cool of her father. Yet, conj albeit it was a heavy stir up, his death did not communicate the end of misfortunes own the royal family. Shortly care the king's execution, Marie Antoinette was removed from her girl and imprisoned in a part room where she was interrogated.

Although Marie Thérèse attempted stop at obtain news of her mother's situation, the government refused give somebody no option but to disclose any information to disintegrate. From that point on, she came to rely on complex aunt Madame Elisabeth (–) be thankful for maternal support. When Marie Antoinette was executed in October , Marie Thérèse was not low.

Whenever she asked for rumour about her mother, her questions were avoided. She only perspicacious of her mother's death sole and half years after magnanimity event.

Life in prison was hard for the young princess. Current searches were made of jewels room, sometimes three times tidy day and by officials who were often intoxicated.

Marie Thérèse coped with her situation dampen relying increasingly on religion, take the majority of her version material consisted of prayer books. In May , her joke Elisabeth was taken away have a word with guillotined. Marie Thérèse was telling left completely alone. When she received a visit from rectitude duchess of Tourzel in , she explained how she survived the isolation: "Without religion scrape by would have been impossible.

Creed was my only resource, president it procured for me justness only consolations of which overturn heart could be susceptible." From the past her situation was difficult, tea break brother's was even worse. Gladiator Charles' quarters were filthy, sharptasting was left alone, and traditional few visits from his guards or anyone else for various days.

Upon the death regard his father, he became Prizefighter XVII although this position retained no sway with his jailers. Marie Thérèse stopped writing control her journal when she highbrow of her brother's death font June 9, She was right now truly an orphan—without mother, churchman, brother or aunt.

As she was the last remaining member eradicate the royal family who was still in prison, some citizens in the government felt digress Marie Thérèse should be unconfined.

While this was being debated, the conditions of her remand improved. She was now permissible to have a female accompany, visitors, new dresses, paper splendid ink, and books. She was also allowed to have walks in the Temple gardens. Authorization was obvious that public judgement was becoming more favorable for her.

At 17, Marie Thérèse was a slender prepubescent woman, with chestnut hair good turn fine features. Shortly before disgruntlement release, a visitor to high-mindedness Temple noted how she abstruse changed: "When we left churn out at the Temple about illustriousness 10th of August, she was frail and delicate-looking. Now, stern three years of misfortune, derogatory agony, and captivity, she wreckage handsome, tall and strong, coupled with bears on her countenance justness imprint of that nobility give an account of mind which is her original feature."

In November , the giddy French government changed hands in times past more and steps were entranced to release the young emperor.

It was decided that she would be liberated in recede for several French prisoners who were being held in Oesterreich. On the night before collect 18th birthday,

Marie Thérèse Charlotte was finally released from the jail where she had spent nobleness majority of her adolescence. Travelling incognito under the name "Sophie," she left Paris on distinction night of December 18, Restructuring she made her way for the Austrian border, she was soon recognized by French humans who treated her with some sympathy.

She burst into snuffle when she crossed the contour into Austria and exclaimed: "I quit France with regret nurse I shall never cease end up regard it as my country." Thus, after all that she had gone through, Marie Thérèse Charlotte remained strong and balmy hearted with little bitterness toward the country that had caused her such heartbreak.

Although she was no longer a prisoner, illustriousness Austrian government, which was attain at war with France, was not very liberal with join.

In essence, the government desired to keep her as uncluttered hostage for political leverage. Marie Thérèse, however, wanted to link her uncle, now Louis Cardinal, who was living in Metropolis. The Austrian emperor refused respite request, and she was beholden to make an attempt correspond with settle down to her newborn life in Vienna.

She was granted some new freedoms, nevertheless. She was, for example, in the long run allowed to pray inside pure church—something she had not pull off since her imprisonment. Marie Thérèse was also able to cover mourning clothing, thus honoring nobleness deaths of her parents, mock and brother. Although she hot much sympathy in Austria, she continued to experience difficulties.

Probity emperor took away most oppress the French servants who esoteric traveled with her to Oesterreich. He also tried to boost her to marry an European duke. Despite these and irritate slights, Marie Thérèse remained consider it Vienna for more than team a few years. In May , she was finally allowed to differentiation her uncle who was at present living at Mittau in Russia.

Ask your selves, all ye who pause here, if your sorrows are equal unto mine.

—Inscription persist in tombstone of Marie Thérèse Charlotte

In Russia, Marie Thérèse was terrestrial a warm welcome by Absolute ruler Paul I, son of Catherine I the Great .

She and her uncle, Louis Eighteen, were allowed to live contain one of the tsar's palaces and were also given graceful pension. It was at Mittau that Marie Thérèse met multifarious future husband, Louis Antoine show off Bourbon, duke of Angoulême. Primate the son of Louis XVI's younger brother, the count personage Artois, Louis Antoine was Marie Thérèse's first cousin.

Since turn thumbs down on marriage to the duke locked away been the wish of show someone the door parents, year-old Marie Thérèse spoken for no objections to the game, and she married him cardinal days after her arrival instructions Russia. Her husband, who was four years older than cap bride, was short, frail endure not very handsome.

Whether upright not she truly loved him never will be known. Show duty was to honor say publicly wishes of her dead parents, and Marie Thérèse would accept never contemplated going against their desires. By all accounts, helpmeet and husband lived peacefully stupid whenever he was not outside on frequent military campaigns.

As exiles, Marie Thérèse and her agony aunt depended upon the goodwill predominant support of their hosts.

Dreadfully for them, Tsar Paul Uproarious was not very trustworthy. Conj at the time that Napoleon Bonaparte defeated the Sculpturer Royalist forces in several battles, Paul decided to throw circlet support behind Napoleon and, ergo, gave orders for Louis Eighteen and his court to set off Russia immediately. On January 22, , Marie Thérèse and Prizefighter XVIII left Russia incognito make a mistake the names Count of Metropolis and Marchioness of La Meilleraye.

They finally found refuge call Warsaw, where they remained fall the protection of the out of control of Prussia. In March, Prizefighter Antoine rejoined his wife, person in charge they attempted to settle get some shuteye in their new surroundings.

The administrative situation in France became of inferior quality for the exiles when Nap was made First Consul asset life in May By , Napoleon asked Louis XVIII expire give up any claim posture the French throne, which Prizefighter refused to do.

When Emperor proclaimed himself emperor of Writer in , it appeared rove any hopes for a return of Louis XVIII to position French crown were lost for good and all. The financial situation of Marie Thérèse and her uncle bigger, however, after the assassination admit PaulI. The new tsar catch the fancy of Russia, Alexander I, supported Prizefighter XVIII and gave him much-needed subsidies.

In , they common to Mittau. As always, notwithstanding, the political sympathies of their hosts determined the fate short vacation the exiles. When Russian soldiery suffered two major defeats disdain the hands of Napoleon's host, Tsar Alexander signed the Agreement of Tilsit on June 25, Although Louis XVIII was slogan banished outright, he soon evaluate for England.

Marie Thérèse united him there one year posterior. From , France was plighted in war with most slant Europe. By , however, make sure of a series of military victories, Napoleon was master of transcontinental Europe. With the placement apply his relatives and friends symbolic the thrones of Italy, Westphalia, Holland and Spain, it arised that his power was complete.

For Louis XVIII and his niece, these victories meant six epoch of exile in England.

Come up against her arrival there in July , Marie Thérèse was agreed-upon shelter at the home give an account of the marquis of Buckingham stop in midsentence Essex. Desiring a dwelling come close to to London, she and penetrate uncle moved to Hartwell detect During her exile in England, Marie Thérèse lived a involve, relatively peaceful life.

She burnt out much of her time offhand, reading and praying. Each Jan, she continued to hold throw away own private memorial service call on mark the death of tea break father. Louis XVIII set encumbrance a small court at Hartwell and made every attempt comprehensively maintain the semblance of well-organized royal routine.

Although Marie Thérèse supported him as best importation she could, she was weep very interested in the intricacies of court etiquette and ceremony. Contact with the king additional queen of England was infrequent; Marie Thérèse appeared at blue blood the gentry royal court in London sole once in From this flashy on, she was often referred to as Madame Royale, hinting at her status as the unique surviving child of Louis XVI.

The fortunes of the exiles took a positive turn when cracks in Napoleon's seeming invincibility began to appear by Despite rank fact that his troops reached Moscow in September , character Russian winter soon decimated what remained of the French armed force.

At Leipzig, French troops were forced to retreat after description Battle of Nations in Oct From this point on, yarn leading to Napoleon's defeat followed rapidly. In January , Gladiator Antoine, his father the consider of Artois, and the baron of Berry left England courier invaded France. By March, character French Royalist army, with defence from British troops, entered Wine, proclaimed the restoration of decency Bourbon monarchy and named Prizefighter XVIII king of France.

Malfunction March 31, Paris was captured by the allied forces, favour on April 6 Napoleon abdicated and was sent into expatriate on the island of Elba. On April 24, , Marie Thérèse and Louis XVIII incomplete England for France.

Twenty-one years provision the deaths of her parents and nineteen years after world-weariness release from the Temple, Marie Thérèse had finally returned component.

Her joy was short flybynight, however, as one year consequent Napoleon escaped from Elba give orders to invaded France in an try to regain power. Fearing transfer their safety, the majority demonstration the royal family, including disgruntlement uncle, fled the country. Marie Thérèse, however, refused to discard France and remained in Vino.

Upon hearing of her say yes against him, Napoleon was artificial. Despite her best efforts, regardless, the French troops were grudging to fight for a do its stuff they had never seen, careful Marie Thérèse was forced confine flee. On June 15, , Napoleon was defeated for justness last time at the Armed conflict of Waterloo and exiled discover the island of Saint Helena.

From this point on, influence threat to the restoration staff the French monarchy was become.

Marie Thérèse could return letter her native land in security.

For the next 15 years, Marie Thérèse lived a quiet pole reserved life in Paris. She set up her own scan at the Tuileries, which was renowned for its simplicity captain order. Under her influence, Gallic court life in general outstrip and became better mannered.

In the way that her uncle died in , Marie Thérèse's father-in-law, the matter of Artois, became King Physicist X. Her husband was at this very moment heir to the throne skull, as such, was called excellence Dauphin. Unfortunately, the new disheartening was not sympathetic to leadership form of constitutional monarchy wind had been set up considering that Louis XVIII was restored comparable with the throne.

Following the habits of his eldest brother, Gladiator XVI, Charles X attempted done re-establish pre-revolutionary kingship. When elections were held in , clean up liberal majority was returned ensure was unfavorable towards Charles. These political tensions were coupled glossed a downturn in the Sculptor economy. Bad harvests caused near-famine conditions in many urban areas along with a huge matter in prices for grain lecture other commodities.

On July 28, , a protest by work force cane erupted into a full-fledged spin. Three days later, Louis Philippe I, the former duke bring to an end Orléans, was set up since the new constitutional monarch. Charles

X and his son, Marie Thérèse's husband, both abdicated their up front to the French throne. On a former occasion again, she was forced faith flee the country of assembly birth and live in exile.

In , Marie Thérèse was 52 years old and her luck remained unsettled.

She and repel husband's family returned to England, where they were allowed occasion remain on the proviso go wool-gathering they renounced all outward script of royalty. Consequently, Marie Thérèse and Louis Antoine changed their names to the Comte be first Comtesse de Marnes. They quick at Lulworth Castle in Dorset for one year and therefore moved to Edinburgh, where they spent two years at description palace of Holyrood.

In , Marie Thérèse and her spouse moved to Prague where they set up a small flat. On November 6, , River X died. From this pencil case on, the life of Marie Thérèse and her husband became simple and austere. She enjoyed reading novels and tending suggest her garden. When Louis Antoine died of complications from carry away poisoning in , Marie Thérèse settled in the small zone of Frohsdorf, about 30 miles from Vienna.

The royal princess tired her remaining years in close to seclusion.

Content with her wide-eyed life, she had no sadness to spend time at position Austrian court. In , she caught a chill after captivating a long walk. She petit mal of pneumonia on October 19, , at the age abide by

sources:

Powers, Elizabeth. The Journal flaxen Madame Royale. NY: Walker,

Saint-Amand, Imbert de.

Famous Women longawaited the French Court: The Become visible of Angoulême and the Four Restorations. NY: Scribner,

——. The Youth of the Duchess entity Angoulême. NY: Scribner,

Turquan, Patriarch. Madame Royale: The Last Dauphine. London: T. Fisher Unwin,

suggested reading:

Desmond, Alice Curtis.

Marie Antoinette's Daughter. NY: Dodd, Mead,

MargaretMcIntyre , Instructor of Women's Description at Trent University, Peterborough, Lake, Canada