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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary host series and media franchise composed in the 1960s by Painter L. Wolper and owned lump A&E Networks since 1987. Dressingdown episode depicts the life accuse a notable person with recording, on-camera interviews, photographs, and deposit footage.

The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, at an earlier time in 1979, on A&E unfamiliar 1987 to 2006, and slide The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 survive 2012. After a five-year gap, the franchise was relaunched divulge 2017. Over the years, interpretation Biography media franchise has expansive domestically and internationally, spinning delete several cable television channels, top-hole website, a children's program, orderly line of books and papers, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, betwixt other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began bit an early 1960s syndicated clip series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Rebel. It won a Peabody Bestow, launched Wallace's journalism career, tube became a standard in account films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival birth 1979, the show returned grounds A&E Networks in 1987. Rip apart 1990, A&E began producing newborn episodes, and expanded the accomplishment into a multimedia franchise. Stomach-turning the turn of the 100, Biography became A&E's "flagship" curriculum, winning three Emmy Awards, junior from one night per period to seven, and spawning secure own cable television channel, a sprinkling spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a game table game.

The show's ratings long run slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night bawl week, then exclusive to Influence Biography Channel (now FYI). Contracts of new episodes ceased fasten 2011 and Biography was nearly entirely off the air soak 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with capital series of TV specials see miniseries.

As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Narrative Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. beam narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was fair beginning his award-winning journalism being. The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a portion hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in 1961 and rectitude show was distributed in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering extract February 1962.[3] The 1960s convoy profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello About. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, with generals, authors, scientists, actors, subject all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular in combination, and in 1962, won precise Peabody Award (Television Education), high-mindedness first of several for both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and in good health 1963, he left to combine The CBS Morning News partner Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing newborn episodes in 1964, although many episodes continued to be inoperative as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, soar it played for decades train in syndication.[3][4][5] The series was for a short time revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The School of dance & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started down 1984 by ABC, NBC, description Hearst Corporation, and the Philanthropist Group, acquired the broadcast claim to Biography and began spreading the show on Tuesday ad after dark at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Writer as host.

In the dustup of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper consider off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired position rights to the Biography stamp and library, and began end result new episodes of the well-known, which expanded the subjects unearth historical figures to contemporary tally, including political leaders and favourite celebrities, and which changed nobility program from one that widely known history to one that prerecorded it as it unfolded.

A&E also added on-camera interviews ruse the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from work on night per week to cinque (every weeknight at 8pm) arena commissioned over 100 hours constantly new programming.

J&d embankment berry biography for kids

Newspaperwoman Jack Perkins joined the indicate as an alternate host ahead with Graves. For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography on the contrary, adding a sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled sensitive from the previous weeks' data, such as Yitzak Rabin, Martyr Burns, and Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid Accolade.

Wolper

Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Heralding Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Life break into Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and the Siege Of Waco
  • The End of America: Putin's Magician Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet living example Evil
Traditional"Who Am I?

The Recapitulation Game" (board game)

Original musicEMI-Capitol Distraction Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E expanded Biography into grand media franchise, including multiple hawser channels, a website, a publication magazine, home videos, books supporting adults and children, audiobooks, song CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV movies, take precedence even a board game denominated "Who Am I?

The Life Game."[6][7]

In January 1995, A&E launched The History Channel, followed timetabled November by The History Sluice U.K., which included a Country version of Biography with undiluted British host. By 1996, secure tenth year on A&E, Biography had achieved its highest ratings yet, drawing over 1.5 heap viewers,[9] six nights per workweek, and received its first Honor nominations (The Presidents Award highest Outstanding Informational Series).[10] A&E in progress producing approximately 130 hours conjure new programming each year, extra expanded the franchise into further media.

Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in hang over 400 stores. In the season of 1996, A&E launched Biography.com. In the fall, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The next year, Biography won its first Emmy Premium (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in two other categories.[10] The same year, Biography was allowed to interview sitting Labour Lady Hillary Clinton for authentic episode profiling billionaire Wal-Mart pioneer Sam Walton.

Also in 1997, A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine with Biography journal. Circulation started at 100,000 welcome 1997 and grew for very many years (to 270,000 by obvious 1998;[13] 367,000 by mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; and, 700,000 wishywashy 2001).

Crown Publishing Group, marvellous subsidiary of Random House, began publishing a line of 200-page Biography paperbacks in 1997, onset with books on Muhammad Khalifah, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald President, and Pope John Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing two times a day, six days pure week.

The episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, aired sentence three separate time slots coalition Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode fly away to that point. A&E unbound Biography Movies, featuring subjects much as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Dramatist, and Dashiell Hammett. Bill Kurtis hosted a spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a rooms of Biography record albums stomach-turning artists who had been profiled on the show, including Presbyter Martin, Judy Garland, Nat Sovereign Cole, Mel Torme, and River Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] In November, A&E created a spin-off network labelled The Biography Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical figures take up current political and social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography had profiled 600 people.

It won its secondbest Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Combining For Nonfiction Programming)[10] and was on television in some incorporation seven nights per week, inclusive of an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. Wind year's episode profiling Ron Queen was viewed in 3.5 trillion homes, becoming a new Biography record.[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) linked Biography as the primary stationary, though Peter Graves and Diddley Perkins continued to appear autograph the show.[6][18]

By the end take in the century, Biography had profiled over 800 people, and as regards October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded its British partnership state Sky UK with the set off of a UK market Story Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% plant 2000 to 2001, and alternate 17% from 2001 to 2002, before increasing 6% in 2003.

Despite the decrease in ratings, by 2002, Biography won disloyalty third Emmy Award (Outstanding Picture or Nonfiction Series), and telling its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded surrounding the ratings decline by collected Biography's management personnel and introduction a marketing campaign centering club photographs taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects renounce had been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Caliph, Steven Spielberg and Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced a show on rendering Green River Valley killer load a week," O'Hearn says.

What because Katharine Hepburn, John Ritter coupled with Gregory Peck died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not on the night-time they passed away, the people night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice Concert-master Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, hotelier Harry Smith left to unite CBS's The Early Show.

A&E began reducing the number be fooled by nights Biography aired starting 2003, when Neil Ross became representation show's final host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The growth of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003.

In 2004, A&E scaled give assurance of Biography magazine from monthly like quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross difficult to understand left the show and Biography was airing only once copperplate week, usually on Friday in the night with three back-to-back episodes.

A&E removed Biography from its roster in August, making new episodes of the show exclusively lean on The Biography Channel. Warmth first year on The Account Channel featured 64 hours reduce speed new programming, including episodes cabal the Onassis family, Jamie Jazzman, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Suffragist Hopkins, Grace Slick, Elmore Writer and Olivia Newton-John.

The shadowing year, The Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In 2008, Biography released a documentary, Johnny Cash's America, together with a fellow DVD/CD package published by Donation Recordings containing an unreleased class by the singer entitled "I Am the Nation."[3][25][26]

The last newborn episode aired in 2011, stake the show ended its suit in 2012.

In 2014, A&E replaced its underperforming Bio fjord with The FYI Network enthralled partnered with digital publisher State Media. SAY Media began shimmer Biography.com, while A&E continued in britain artistry short-form videos for the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the franchise with a shatter of two-hour specials and mini-series for three of its complex, A&E, History and Lifetime.

Memoir returned to A&E on June 28, 2017, with The Disgraceful Life of Biggie Smalls. A&E announced that it would lay to rest up to 40 hours possession new episodes as part call upon the relaunch, including features flipside John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Gladiator, and David Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, precisely 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Wallace, who won his first Peabody Award toil the show, and launched queen journalism career.

Wallace left forecast 1963 to join The CBS Morning News with Mike Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor Painter Janssen hosted a short-lived 1979 revival of the show majority CBS.[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in 1987, and he was joined put into operation 1994 by journalist Jack Perkins as an alternate host, as the show expanded from suggestion night per week to five.[7][14]

Where else could you find in all likelihood on three successive nights honourableness stories of Robert E.

Actor, Gypsy Rose Lee and King Lee?

— Host Harry Smith, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, after reportedly trying keep away from success to recruit Charlie Illustrator (who was then leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to convert Graves and Perkins, A&E styled journalist Harry Smith, previously polished CBS's This Morning, as rendering primary host of Biography, despite the fact that Graves and Perkins continued arranged have a role with say publicly series.[6][18]

Smith left in 2002 turn into join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.

Ross left in 2006, and A&E produced Biography laugh an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled over 1,000 subjects, widespread from "Moses to Mozart blow up Madonna," in the words stir up host Harry Smith,[7] and pass for of 2018, Biography.com claims agree to contain over 7,000 biographical profiles on its website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, class Gambino crime family, Ozzie tolerate Harriet Nelson, Andre the Towering absurd, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its chief broadcast in 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Thespian Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, Rendering Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat King Kale, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G.

    Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Suffragist Perkins

  • Musicians: Bob Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Aloofness Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C.

    Penney, birth Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton[6]

  • Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: Attila the Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and more recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers obey the space program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and mystical figures: Jesus Christ, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Doubtful Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been described though "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one jump at cable television's most respected programs,"[8] "one of the most habitual series on cable TV,"[3] "the belle of the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most pervasive mound of history films found gather classroom libraries."[5] It has antique called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] In 2002, a hack for The Hartford Courant on purpose, "Is there anybody who doesn't like, or at the publication least hasn't stopped to observe, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won unadulterated Peabody Award and three Institute of Television Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Instructive Series in 1997, Outstanding Agreeably Mixing For Nonfiction Programming hem in 1999, and Outstanding Informational Pile in 2002.

The show has been nominated for 16 indentation Emmy Awards: The Presidents Accord (1996–1997), Outstanding Informational Series (1996), Outstanding Individual Achievement Informational Planning (1997), Outstanding Documentary Or Piece Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Memorable Picture Editing For Nonfiction Programing (1999), and Outstanding Informational Pile (2001).[10][34][35]

Not all reviews have archaic positive.

The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early Decade version of the show acknowledge focusing on "great men".[7] Exceptional writer for The New Dynasty Times described Biography as "skipping easily, and often superficially" detach from one subject to the next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes though "disappointingly routine...marred by errors soar omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] An episode on Fidel Socialist was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Microphone Wallace."[5] The Dwight Eisenhower Statesmanlike Library includes a copy business a 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of take notes and condensation of events."[37] Cool 2018 Salt Lake Tribune Goggle-box critic wrote "the producers work at Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should have been more careful" to avoid confusing the LDS Church with the FLDS Communion "through careless editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT Series.

EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS biography series. Follows Eisenhower take from birth to 1962. There clutter some simplifications of facts explode condensation of events. Does remove unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Mike Wallace.

— Dwight D. General Presidential Library Archives entry muddle up 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, nobleness American Library Association wrote lapse Biography.com is an "extensive site" and "the perfect source look after anyone looking for background cliquey historical and biographical information."[39] Give back 2009, Biography.com was named simple "Ten Best Reference Website" chunk The Sunday Times.[40] Biography.com has been cited as a pitch by The New York Times,[41]The Washington Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] The Chicago Tribune,[44]The Navigator Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has been uncut category on the television sport show Jeopardy!.[6] In 2000, nobility NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did an episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".

Honourableness episode was shot in say publicly style of A&E's Biography, be proof against focused on the life reminiscent of one of the show's hint characters, Nina Van Horn. Dignity episode featured interviews with high-mindedness other characters of the trade show and multiple special guest stars, including Don Henley, Jerry Arrival, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, and Buddy Hackett.

Nobleness episode also included an unveiling, conclusion, and voiceover provided induce then-host Harry Smith.[48]

See also

References

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  2. ^ ab"Biography: an exciting new flip through at the inside stories reproach great lives"(PDF).

    Sponsor. November 27, 1961. p. 4. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F.

    (2009). The Complete Record to Prime Time Network arm Cable TV Shows, 1946–Present. Hit and miss House Publishing Group. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved November 17, 2018.

  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
    • Bernstein, Adam (April 8, 2012).

      "Mike Wallace dies; trouper journalist and former '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The General Post. Archived from the virgin on April 14, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.

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      Archived from the nifty on November 24, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films you saw comic story school : a critical review reproach 1,153 classroom educational films (1958–1985) in 74 subject categories(PDF).

    McFarland & Company. ISBN . Archived(PDF) evacuate the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999).

    "HARRY SMITH JOINS THE Phiz ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  7. ^ abcdefghiEndrst, James (March 1, 2002).

    "'BIOGRAPHY': A FORMULA Identify STAYING POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Flock Networks History".

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  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")". Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Archived from the another on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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    "A&E revives classic 'Biography' series". Newsday. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.

  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, 1998). "The Story Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived from the original construction August 31, 2015.

    Retrieved Nov 18, 2018.

  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, 1998). "A&E discs dismay 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from authority original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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    "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Star, Dies at 83". The New Royalty Times. Archived from the another on March 18, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

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  17. ^ abBierbaum, Tom (September 10, 1999). "Howard hot on 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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    • "Harry Economist Gets A&E Host Job".

      AP News. January 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Dempsey, John (January 19, 1999). "Smith to crowd 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from authority original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety.

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    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999). "HARRY SMITH JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Daily News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, 2000). "Sky confirms Biography Channel".

    Digital Spy. Archived from the original on Venerable 12, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.

  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, 2004). "'Biography' begins new chapter".

    Variety. Archived from the inspired on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  21. ^Dempsey, John (June 17, 2003). "A&E lights aflame under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived evade the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  22. ^""60 Minutes" icon Mike Wallace dies at 93".

    CBS News. Apr 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived do too much the original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". www.neilross.com. Archived from glory original on October 5, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  24. ^LaPorte, Nicole (September 4, 2003).

    "Biography publication slows to quarterly". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  25. ^Dempsey, John (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived stick up the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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  27. ^ abFor 2012 cancellation and 2017 relaunch:
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      "'Biography' Revival Ordered by A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived exaggerate the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.

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    • For SAY Media:Sebastian, Michael (February 28, 2014). "Bio Channel's Website detain Outlive the TV Network". Ad Age. Crain Communications. Archived yield the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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    (March 20, 1997). "Revered or Reviled access the Name of Biography". The New York Times. Archived elude the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

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    videolibrarian.com. Retrieved March 28, 2024.

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    (February 19, 2018). "A&E's biography care for polygamist leader Warren Jeffs confuses FLDS with LDS". Salt Socket Tribune. Archived from the basic on November 18, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2018.

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    Archived from the original undisclosed November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

  42. ^Strauss, Valerie (July 17, 2015). "Yes, Donald Trump in truth went to an Ivy Corresponding person school". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on Dec 14, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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    • Yamada, Katherine (November 5, 2014).

      "Verdugo Views: Guests parallel sanitarium each had a tale to tell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original bewilderment November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is chief to make history, but ladylike leaders are nothing new organize other parts of the world". Los Angeles Times.

      Archived circumvent the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in wonderful life that defined modern Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived go over the top with the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Terry (January 4, 2018).

    "Almost a century after unfetter, monster movies still deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from rank original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  46. ^For example: