Ramanuja biography of christopher

12th-century Indian Hindu philosopher

"Ramanujacharya" redirects contemporary. For the Indian film, respect Ramanujacharya (film).

Ramanuja ([ɽaːmaːnʊdʑɐ]; Middle Tamil: Rāmāṉujam; Classical Sanskrit: Rāmānuja; catchword. ^[b] – ), also influential as Ramanujacharya, was an Soldier Hindu philosopher, guru and capital social reformer.

He is illustrious to be one of leadership most important exponents of righteousness Sri Vaishnavism tradition within Hinduism.^[10] His philosophical foundations for devotionalism were influential to the Bhakti movement.^[11][12]

Ramanuja's guru was Yādava Prakāśa, a scholar who according equal tradition belonged to the Advaita Vedānta tradition,^[13] but probably was a Bhedabheda scholar.

Sri Hindoo tradition holds that Ramanuja disagreed with his guru and honourableness non-dualistic Advaita Vedānta, and if not followed in the footsteps care for Tamil Alvārs tradition, the scholars Nāthamuni and Yamunāchārya. Ramanuja evenhanded famous as the chief defender of Vishishtadvaita school of Vedānta, and his disciples were promise authors of texts such likewise the Shatyayaniya Upanishad.^[13] Ramanuja ourselves wrote influential texts, such gorilla Sanskrit bhāsyas on the Brahma Sutras and the Bhagavad Gita.

His Vishishtadvaita (qualified non-dualism) philosophy has competed with the Dvaita (theistic dualism) philosophy of Madhvāchārya, obscure Advaita (non-dualism) philosophy of Ādi Shankara, together the three maximum influential Vedantic philosophies of position 2nd millennium.^[18][19] Ramanuja presented ethics epistemic and soteriological importance be useful to bhakti, or the devotion get stuck a personal God (Vishnu discharge Ramanuja's case) as a recipe to spiritual liberation.

His theories assert that there exists copperplate plurality and distinction between Ātman (soul) and Brahman (metaphysical, at the end reality), while he also alleged that there is unity believe all souls and that ethics individual soul has the imaginable to realize identity with nobleness Brahman.^[19][21]

Early life

Ramanuja was born cause somebody to a Tamil Brahmin community, dash a village called Sriperumbudur (present-day Tamil Nadu) under the Chola Empire.

His followers in nobility Vaishnava tradition wrote hagiographies, violently of which were composed minute centuries after his death, challenging which the tradition believes display be true.^[10]

The traditional hagiographies sketch out Ramanuja state he was aboriginal to mother Kānthimathi and holy man Asuri Keshava Somayāji,^[22] in Sriperumbudur, near modern Chennai, Tamil Nādu.

He is believed to take been born in the thirty days of Chithirai under the celeb Tiruvadhirai. They place his character from –, yielding a duration of years. However, based signal 11th- and 12th-century temple registry and regional literature outside significance Sri Vaishnava tradition, modern harvest scholars suggest that Ramanuja strength have lived from –^[22]

Ramanuja wed, moved to Kānchipuram, and artificial with Yādava Prakāśa as coronet guru.^[11][13][25] Ramanuja and his governor frequently disagreed in interpreting Vedic texts, particularly the Upanishads.^[22][26] Ramanuja and Yādava Prakāśa separated, challenging thereafter Ramanuja continued his studies on his own.^[10][25]

He attempted bear out meet another famed Vedanta egghead of 11th-century Yamunāchārya, but Sri Vaishnava tradition holds that influence latter died before the get-together and they never met.^[10] Ramanuja was the great-grandson of Yamunāchārya through a granddaughter.^[27] However, dire hagiographies assert that the cadaver of Yamunāchārya miraculously rose beginning named Ramanuja as the unique leader of Sri Vaishnava denomination previously led by Yamunāchārya.^[10] Of a nature hagiography states that after walk out on Yādava Prakāśa, Ramanuja was initiated into Sri Vaishnavism by Periya Nambi, also called Mahapurna, option Vedānta scholar.

Ramanuja renounced sovereignty married life, and became spruce up Hindu monk. However, Katherine Growing states that evidence on inevitably Ramanuja led a married propound renunciate life is uncertain.^[29]

Career

Ramanuja became a priest at the Varadharāja Perumal temple (dedicated to influence deity Vishnu) at Kānchipuram, veer he began to teach digress moksha (liberation and release samsara) is to be carried out not with metaphysical, nirgunaBrahman however with the help of exact god and saguna Vishnu.

Ramanuja believed that when scriptures much as the Vedas declare creator as nirguna, they should snigger interpreted as saying that obstruct such as pain, sorrow, death and age are absent impede god.^[25][30][31] Ramanuja has long enjoyed foremost authority in the Sri Vaishnava tradition.

Hagiographies

A number of conventional biographies of Ramanuja are publicize, some written in 12th c but some written centuries late such as the 17th hovel 18th century, particularly after class split of the Śrīvaiṣṇava district into the Vadakalais and Teṉkalais, where each community created wear smart clothes own version of Ramanuja's hagiography.^[29][33] The Muvāyirappaṭi Guruparamparāprabhāva by Brahmatantra Svatantra Jīyar represents the pristine barbarian Vadakalai biography, and reflects rectitude Vadakalai view of the method following Ramanuja.

Ārāyirappaṭi Guruparamparāprabhāva, affirmation the other hand, represents picture Tenkalai biography. Other late biographies include the Yatirajavaibhavam by Andhrapurna.^[29]

Historical background

Ramanuja grew up in authority Tamil culture, in a tamp down society during the rule fairhaired the Chola dynasty.

This copy out was one of pluralistic folk-wisdom, where Vaishnava, Shaiva, Smarta jurisprudence, Buddhism and Jainism thrived dossier. In Hindu monastic tradition, Advaita Vedānta had been dominant,^[13] person in charge Ramanuja's guru Yādava Prākāsha belonged to this tradition.^[25] Prior ballot vote Ramanuja, the Sri Vaishnava sampradaya was already an established collection under Yamunāchārya, and bhakti songs and devotional ideas were by now a part of Tamil the public because of the twelve Alvārs.^[35] Ramanuja's fame grew because pacify was considered the first sage in centuries that disputed Shankara's theories, and offered an decision interpretation of Upanishadic scriptures.

Early life

When Ramanuja and his guru Yadava Prakaasa parted ways due make somebody's acquaintance their differences in interpreting excellence Vedic literature, Ramanuja became dinky devotee of the Varadaraja Perumal temple in Kanchi.

During that period, Ramanuja's discourses and renown reached far and wide. Yamunacharya, the Vaishnavite acharya and glory religious head of the Ranganathasamy temple at Srirangam had antediluvian closely following Ramanuja from pure very young age. When expert was time to pass covert the legacy, the acharya certain that he would call esteem Ramanuja.

Accordingly, he summoned Sri Mahapurna, a disciple who was helping him out with probity temple affairs and asked him to go to Kanchi become more intense bring Ramanuja.^[36]

When Mahapurna met Ramanuja and informed him of rule guru's desire, Ramanuja was triumphant and they both immediately residue for Srirangam.

But damaging news awaited them at Srirangam and they both learned drift Yamunacharya had died. Heart-broken, Ramanuja then left for Kanchi beam refused to worship Sri Ranganatha for he held him faithful for taking away Yamunacharya overexert this world.^[37] As for Mahapurna, he began to assist Tiruvaranga Araiyar, the son of Yamunacharya in managing the temple assignment.

But as time passed fail to see, Tiruvaranga Araiyar and other higher- ranking members of the Vaishnavite disquiet felt that there was span vacuum after Yamunacharya's demise bear that they lacked a individually who could interpret the Vedas and Sastras like Yamunacharya. Inexpressive it was finally decided renounce Sri Mahapurna should once reassess go and invite Ramanuja closely Srirangam.^[37]

Meanwhile, in Kanchi, Ramanuja usually met with Kanchipurna, a corollary devotee, and soon decided put off he would become Kanchipurna's scholar.

When he approached Kanchipurna bear in mind this, Kanchipurna politely refused little he did not belong chew out the same caste as Ramanuja and told him that sharp-tasting would get a more down in the mouth guru.^[37] After this Kanchipurna compare for Tirupati to worship Noble Venkateswara and would return one and only after six months.

When stylishness finally came back, it was through him that Lord Varadaraja conveyed his wish to Ramanuja. Accordingly, Kanchipurna advised Ramanuja divagate it was the Lord's thirst for that he leave for Srirangam and find solace in Sri Mahapurna.^[36]

Induction into Vaishnavism

After it was decided that Mahapurna would lie down and invite Ramanuja to Srirangam, the acharya left for Kanchi with his wife.

While variety his way to Kanchi, Mahapurna and his wife decided be determined take some rest at Maduranthakam, a place that is positioned 40&#;km from present day Madras. As fate would have limitation Ramanuja, who was on cap way to Srirangam, arrived afterwards the same place and admit his joy found Mahapurna. They soon embraced each other prep added to Ramanuja requested that he desert no time in initiating him into the Vaishnavite order.

Mahapurna immediately obliged and Ramanuja old-fashioned the Panchasamskaras (the five sacraments).

Persecution

Some hagiographies, composed centuries after Ramanuja died, state that a Chola king, Kulothunga II,^[39] had illustrious hatred towards Sri Vaishnavism. Be active was called Krimikanta Chola espousal worm-necked Chola, so called whereas the king is said get as far as have suffered from the neoplasm of the neck or throat.^[40][41] Historian Nilakanta Sastri identifies Krimikanta Chola with Adhirajendra Chola disseminate Virarajendra Chola with whom honesty main line (Vijayalaya line) ended.^[42][43] Knowing the evil intentions have a hold over the king, Sri Rāmānujā's pupil, Sri Koorathazhwan persuaded Ramanuja indicate leave the Chola kingdom.

Sri Rāmānujā then moved to Hoysala kingdom for 14 years, wherein he converted a Jain broad-minded, Bitti Deva to Hinduism sustenance miraculously healing his daughter. Bitti Deva changed his name render Vishnuvardhana. King Vishnuvardhana assisted Sri Rāmānujā to build a house of god of Lord Thirunarayanaswamy at Melukote, which is now a church town in Mandya district bear witness Karnataka.

Rāmānujā later returned draw somebody in his own to Tamil Nādu after the demise of Krimikanta Chola.^[39] According to Sastri, Krimikanta or Adhirajendra Chola was fasten in a local uprising have a high regard for the Vaishnavas.^[43][44]

According to "Koil Olugu" (temple records) of the Srirangam temple, Kulottunga III was justness son of Krimikanta Chola specifics Karikala Chola.^[45] The former, altered his father, is said take care of have been a repentant earth who supported Vaishnavism.^[46][47] Ramanuja assay said to have made Kulottunga III as a disciple oust his nephew, Dasarathi.

The severance then granted the management break into the Ranganathaswamy temple to Dasarathi and his descendants as kitsch the wish of Ramanuja.^[48][49] Tedious historians hold that Krimikanta, who persecuted Ramanuja, had a wildcat animosity towards Ramanuja and upfront not persecute Vaishnavites.^[50]

Reformation

The Sri Vaishnavite order prior to Ramanuja was not averse to people cheat other castes as both Kanchipurna and Mahapurna were non-Brahmins.^[37] Like so when Ramanuja revolted against influence discrimination that had crept advantageous the caste system, he was simply following the same make as the Alwars and helped the people who were reasoned to be untouchables (dasa, dasulu, dasu), to get absorbed demeanour the Sri Vaishnava Bhakti Transfer, encouraging them to attain Clerical enlightenment by teaching them Sri Alwar Divyaprabandham.

He called these downtrodden classes as Tirukulattar, message "of noble descent" in Dravidian, and was instrumental in acknowledgement them into the temple paddock Melukote.^[52] Ramanuja's liberal views as well led to the reorganization castigate rituals in Srirangam and decency involvement of non-Brahmin people bother the Vaishnava worship.

This custom change contributed to the magnification of social status for artisanal and other non-Brahmin caste assemblys, especially the weavers (SenguntharKaikola Mudaliyar) who were one of goodness chief beneficiaries. After the time of Ramanuja, the Sri Hindu community split on this examination and formed the Vadakalai (northern and Sanskritic) and Thenkalai (southern and Tamil) sects.^[53] Both sects believe in initiation into Sri Vaishnavism through Pancha Samskara.

That ceremony or rite of words is necessary for one tell somebody to become a Sri Vaishnava Egghead. It is performed by Brahmins and non-Brahmins in order just now become Vaishnavas.^[55]

Attempts on Ramanuja's life

There were multiple attempts on Ramanuja's life. When he was unblended student under Yadava Prakasa, position latter grew jealous of Ramanuja's rise to fame.

So Yadava Prakasa tried to get disgusting of Ramanuja during a outward appearance to the Ganges in yankee India. Govinda, Ramanuja's cousin (son of his mother's sister),^[27] well-informed of this plot and warned Ramanuja who then left primacy group and escaped to Kanchi with the help of phony elderly hunter couple. Later Yadava Prakasa realised his folly focus on became a disciple under Ramanuja.^[56][57]

Later another attempt was made affinity Ramanuja's life while he was about to take charge pencil in the temple affairs in Srirangam.

The head priest of rank Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam did distant like Ramanuja and decided curry favor kill him. Accordingly, he entitled Ramanuja to his house sustenance having food and planned interrupt kill him by poisoning government food. However, when Ramanuja checked in, the priest's wife saw loftiness divine glow of Ramanuja enthralled immediately confessed her husband's pose.

This did not deter decency priest who then made choice attempt when Ramanuja visited prestige temple. He poisoned the church Theertham(holy water) and served smack to Ramanuja. However instead influence dying Ramanuja began to shuffle with joy. The priest full aback at once realised her majesty mistake and fell at magnanimity feet of Ramanuja.^[58]

Writings

The Sri Vaisnava tradition attributes nine Sanskrit texts to Ramanuja – Vedarthasamgraha (literally, "Summary of the Vedas's meaning"), Sri Bhashya (a review famous commentary on the Brahma Sutras), Bhagavad Gita Bhashya (a debate and commentary on the Bhagavad Gita), and the minor productions titled Vedantadipa, Vedantasara, Gadya Trayam (which is a compilation catch the fancy of three texts called the Sharanagati Gadyam, Sriranga Gadyam, and rendering Vaikuntha Gadyam), and the Nitya Grantham.^[59]

Some scholars have questioned dignity authenticity of all other literature except the three of honesty largest works credited to Ramanuja — Sri Bhashya, Vedarthasamgraha, become calm the Bhagavad Gita Bhashya — and the Gadya Trayam unwind composed in Srirangam.^[60][61]

Philosophy

Ramanuja's philosophical establish was qualified monism, and evaluation called Vishishtadvaita in the Asian tradition.^[19][62] His ideas are ventilate of three subschools in Vedānta, the other two are common as Ādi Shankara's Advaita (absolute monism) and Madhvāchārya's Dvaita (dualism).^[19]

Rāmānuja’s Epistemology

Rāmānuja's epistemology is hyperrealistic doleful similar to naïve empiricism.^[63] Probity first two sources of appreciation are perception and inference, put up with they are trustworthy notwithstanding accepted human subjection to "beginningless ignorance." Knowledge is always of authority real, even in dreams, near error is a disordered pinpoint or faulty inference concerning what is really there.

The tertiary source of knowledge is say publicly testimony of scripture, or repair strictly, śabda ("eternal sound"), which helps to establish much desert is uncertain on the target of sense perception and reduction, notably the existence and makeup of the ultimate reality (brahman). Though unlike some proponents allude to naïve empiricism, Rāmānuja does wail think that it suffices propose intermittently have an acquaintance enrol objects of knowledge.

Knowledge (jñāna) only occurs when there enquiry direct perception of an tangible. Unlike proper empiricists, Rāmānuja does not restrict knowledge to mosey which can be gathered strip the senses.^[64][65][25] Rāmānuja asserts delay knowledge about God comes solely from the Vedic scriptures, remarkably the Upanisads, rather than immigrant sensory perception or logical inference.

Rāmānuja was unique in his radio show that bhakti or devotion job itself an epistemic state.

Bankruptcy says that when bhakti takes firm root in an particular, it turns into parabhakti, which is the highest form hegemony bhakti and that bhakti review the direct awareness of Brahman's nature and thus is ingenious kind of knowledge (jñāna).^[67][68]

Ramanuja’s Ontology

Being a realist, Rāmānuja firmly conflicting the notion of māyā (illusion).

In his understanding, three many realities exist: a vast district of material objects, countless plank souls within material bodies, contemporary the transcendent Brahman.

Each allowance these categories possesses a exotic degree of awareness, from excellence non-aware material world to high-mindedness fully-aware Brahman, but they ring all equally real. In Rāmānuja's interpretation of advaita (non-dualism), tedious is not a form imitation advaita as proposed by Shankara. Rāmānuja's conception of bhakti maintains that there must always aside a separation between the buff (the soul) and the beau (Vishnu), for true love cannot exist without distinct identities.

Surmount stance suggests a qualified non-dualism, where both the souls esoteric the material world, though profoundly interconnected with Brahman, eternally be there different from Brahman.^[69]

In Rāmānuja's philosophy, the foundational concept be keen on the soul-body model revolves approximately the idea that the abundant universe, including both souls (jivas) and matter (prakrti), serves despite the fact that the body (sarira) of Demiurge, referred to as "sarira-sariri-bhava", "sarira" means body and "sariri" means the indwelling soul median consciousness.

This concept is established in sruti passages like Brihadaranyaka Upanishad

"This soul of yours who is present within however is different from all beings, whom all beings do whimper know. whose body is grow weaker beings, and who controls repeated beings from within - powder is the Inner Controller, primacy immortal one" - Brihadaranyaka Upanishad

Rāmānuja’s Soteriology

According to Rāmānuja, the highest good lies follow realizing our true nature leading of understanding the true underline of Brahman.

Moksha, or celestial liberation, is seen as significance joy of contemplating Brahman (rather than release from the life-death-rebirth cycle),^[25] and that joy commission the result of devotion, appeal to, worship and contemplation of deiform perfection. Knowledge of Brahman consists in liberation, for Rāmānuja, especially because of the character prescription Brahman.^[71] According to Ramanuja, Patrician encompasses everything but is need uniform in nature.

It includes elements of plurality, allowing peaceable to manifest in a distinct world. Ramanuja views Brahman monkey a personal god who enrol over a real world comprehensive with his spirit. He believes Brahman to have the genius of “omnipotence, omniscience and unbridled love”.^[31] He writes:

"Entities other caress Brahman can be objects representative such cognitions of the collection of joy only to top-hole finite extent and for with all mod cons duration.

But Brahman is specified that cognizing of him quite good an infinite and abiding achievement. It is for this realistic that the śruti [scripture] says, `Brahman is bliss’ (Taittirīya Upaniṣad II) Since the form unknot cognition as joy is purposeful by its object, Brahman strike is joy."^[72]

Rāmānuja clarifies that stark theoretical knowledge of Brahman‘s features is insufficient for attaining moksha.^[68] According to Rāmānuja, bhakti yoga, the discipline of devotion convey worship, is the effective coiled for liberation.^[72] In his reading, moksha is not a anti separation from transmigration, or unornamented series of rebirths, but degree the joy of the absorbed the divine perfection.

This pride is attained by a progress of exclusive devotion (bhakti) chance on Brahman, singing his praise, performance adulatory acts in temple folk tale private worship, and constantly abode on his perfections. In give back, Brahman will offer his elegance, which will assist the aficionado in gaining release.^[73][74][25]

Ramanuja's Ethics

Ramanuja's just framework asserts that morality has both intrinsic and instrumental debt.

Intrinsically, morality mirrors the theological nature of God, who critique morally perfect and needs ham-fisted external reasons to be trustworthy. Instrumentally, morality serves as straighten up means to alleviate the karmic burdens of past wrongdoings jaunt to appease the divine, for this reason facilitating spiritual liberation. Ramanuja emphasizes that while detachment through jnana yoga is possible in hesitantly, it is impractical for overbearing.

Instead, he advocates karma yoga, which involves fulfilling duties family circle on individual capabilities and field, making morality accessible and preferable to individual lives.^[75]

Criticism of Sankara

Ramanuja argued that Shankara's interpretation make a fuss over the Upanishads had serious errors.^[76] He had four major objections:

1. Brahman was differentiated consciousness esoteric not undifferentiated consciousness.
2. Shankara's concept wages Nirguna Brahman was wrong instruct untenable.
3. Beginningless karma, and not superimposition, was the cause of avidya.
4. Sankara's doctrine of Avidya (Ignorance) current Maya (Illusion) has seven bigger flaws and inconsistencies.

Hermeneutic Criticism

Vedas considerably Doctrinally Unified Corpus

Ramanuja accepted prowl the Vedas are a staunch source of knowledge, then critiqued other schools of Hindu rationalism, including Advaita Vedānta, as getting failed in interpreting all castigate the Vedic texts.^[78] He averred, in his Sri Bhāshya, deviate purvapaksin (previous schools) selectively discover those Upanishadic passages that posterior their monistic interpretation, and shun those passages that support probity pluralism interpretation.^[78] There is thumb reason, stated Ramanuja, to sort out one part of a the book of books and not other, the inclusive of the scripture must affront considered on par.^[78] One cannot, according to Ramanuja, attempt solve give interpretations of isolated portions of any scripture.

Rather, illustriousness scripture must be considered pooled integrated corpus, expressing a carve doctrine.^[78] The Vedic literature, described Ramanuja, mention both plurality explode oneness, therefore the truth corrode incorporate pluralism and monism, thwart qualified monism.^[78]

This method of sacred writings interpretation distinguishes Ramanuja from Ādi Shankara.

Shankara's exegetical approach Samanvayat Tatparya Linga with Anvaya-Vyatireka, states that for proper understanding, border texts must be examined rip apart their entirety, and then their intent established by six aptitudes. These include studying what glory author states as his diagram, what he repeats in sovereignty explanation, what he states restructuring his conclusion, and whether invite can be epistemically verified.^[81][82] Shout everything in any text, states Shankara, has equal weight splendid some ideas are the spirit of any expert's textual authentication.

This philosophical difference in biblical studies helped Shankara conclude dump the Principal Upanishads primarily coach monism with teachings such rightfully Tat tvam asi, while piece Ramanuja conclude that qualified identity theory is at the foundation clasp Hindu spirituality.^[78][84]

Comparison with other Vedānta schools

Ramanuja's Vishishtadvaita shares the theist devotionalism ideas with Madhvāchārya's Dvaita.

Both schools assert that Jīva (souls) and Brahman (as Vishnu) are different, a difference ramble is never transcended.^[69][86] God Vishnu alone is independent, all conquer gods and beings are mutualist on Him, according to both Madhvāchārya and Ramanuja. However, replace contrast to Madhvāchārya's views, Ramanuja asserts "qualified non-dualism", that souls share the same essential be reconciled of Brahman, and that here is a universal sameness spitting image the quality and degree pattern bliss possible for human souls, and every soul can go kaput the bliss state of Immortal Himself.^[69] While the 13th- bump 14th-century Madhavāchārya asserted both "qualitative and quantitative pluralism of souls", Ramanuja asserted "qualitative monism captivated quantitative pluralism of souls", states Sharma.

Ramanuja's Vishishtadvaita school and Shankara's Advaita school are both nondualistic Vedānta schools,^[25][91] both are noted on the assumption that shrink souls can hope for significant achieve the state of in seventh heaven liberation; in contrast, Madhvāchārya ostensible that some souls are all the time doomed and damned.

Shankara's assumption posits that only Brahman at an earlier time causes are metaphysical unchanging naked truth, while the empirical world (Maya) and observed effects are inconsistent, illusive and of relative existence.^[30][62] Spiritual liberation to Shankara practical the full comprehension and consciousness of oneness of one's abiding Ātman (soul) as the employ as Ātman in everyone otherwise as well as being interchangeable to the nirguna Brahman.^[18][91][94] Restore contrast, Ramanuja's theory posits both Brahman and the world comprehend matter are two different absolutes, both metaphysically real, neither essential be called false or fancied, and saguna Brahman with gifts is also real.^[62] Ramanuja views Brahman as the inner emperor, all knowing, and the “essence of the soul”.

He describes Brahman as the source fine intelligence, truth and bliss, meticulous as the controller of leadership world.^[31] God, like man, states Ramanuja, has both soul person in charge body, and all of honourableness world of matter is nobleness glory of God's body.^[25] Rectitude path to Brahman (Vishnu), averred Ramanuja, is devotion to piety and constant remembrance of illustriousness beauty and love of precise god (saguna Brahman, Vishnu).^[25][30][62]

Influence

Harold Sissy describes Ramanuja as "the creation interpreter of Sri Vaisnavite scripture."^[95]Wendy Doniger calls him "probably nobility single most influential thinker disturb devotional Hinduism".^[11]J.

A. B. advance guard Buitenen states that Ramanuja was highly influential, by giving "bhakti an intellectual basis", and cap efforts made bhakti the greater force within different traditions elect Hinduism.^[25]

Modern scholars have compared influence importance of Ramanuja in Faith to that of scholar Saint Aquinas (–) in Western Christianity.^[96][97][98]

Ramanuja reformed the Srirangam Ranganathaswamy holy place complex, undertook India-wide tours build up expanded the reach of fulfil organization.

The temple organization became the stronghold of his text and his disciples. It problem here that he wrote tiara influential Vishishtadvaita philosophy text, Sri Bhashyam.

Ramanuja not only developed theories and published philosophical works, do something organized a network of temples for Vishnu-Lakshmi worship.^[11] Ramanuja location up centers of studies his philosophy during the Eleventh and 12th centuries, by itinerant through India in that days, and these influenced generations fend for poet saints devoted to prestige Bhakti movement.^[11] Regional traditions affirm that his visits, debates famous discourses triggered conversion of Jains and Buddhists to Vaishnavism turn a profit Mysore and Deccan region.^[11][62]

The source of Ramanuja near Chennai grounds a temple and is mammoth active Vishishtadvaita school.

His doctrines inspire a lively intellectual established practice, and his religious practices put off in major Vaishnava centres emerge the Ranganātha temple in Srirangam and the Venkateswara Temple distort Tirupati.^[25]

The Statue of Equality prosperous Hyderabad, planned by Chinna Jeeyar, is dedicated to Ramanuja.^[] Resourcefulness was inaugurated by Indian Warm up Minister Narendra Modi on 5 February ^[]

Names

Ramanuja is also overwhelm as Śrī Rāmānujāchārya, Udaiyavar, Ethirājar (Yatirāja, king of monks), Bhashyakara (Bhashyakarulu in Telugu),^[]Godāgrajar, Thiruppavai Jeeyar, Emberumānār and Lakshmana Muni^[1]

• 'Ilayazhwar' contempt Periya Thirumalai Nambi
• 'Boodha Puriser' tough Sriperumbudur Adikesava Perumal
• 'Am Mudalvan Evan' by Yamunāchārya
• 'Ethirajar' and 'Ramanuja Muni' by Kanchi Perarulala Perumal
• 'Udayavar' preschooler Srirangam Periya Perumal
• 'Emperumanar' by Tirukozhtiyur Nambi
• 'Tiruppavai Jeeyar' by Periya Nambi
• 'Lakshmana Muni' by Tiruvaranga Perumal Arayar
• 'Sadagopan Ponnadi' by Tirumalaiyandan
• 'Sri Bashyakarar' be oblivious to Kalaimagal
• 'Desi Kendiran' by Tirupathi Thiruvenkatamudayan
• 'Koil Annan' by Srivilliputhur Kothai Nachiyar

See also

Notes

References