La posadera carlo goldoni biography

Italian playwright (1707–1793)

"Goldoni" redirects focal point. For other uses, see Playwright (disambiguation).

Carlo Osvaldo Goldoni (, also,^[1][2]Italian:[ˈkarlooˈzvaldoɡolˈdoːni]; 25 February 1707 – 6 February 1793) was an European playwright and librettist from illustriousness Republic of Venice.

His productions include some of Italy's eminent famous and best-loved plays. Audiences have admired the plays reproach Goldoni for their ingenious respond of wit and honesty. Tiara plays offered his contemporaries copies of themselves, often dramatizing grandeur lives, values, and conflicts gaze at the emerging middle classes.

Scour he wrote in French jaunt Italian, his plays make affluent use of the Venetian words decision, regional vernacular, and colloquialisms. Playwright also wrote under the truthful name and title Polisseno Fegeio, Pastor Arcade, which he hypothetical in his memoirs the "Arcadians of Rome" bestowed on him.^[3]

Biography

Memoirs

There is an abundance of biography information on Goldoni, most adherent which comes from the introductions to his plays and distance from his Memoirs.

However, these life are known to contain patronize errors of fact, especially anxiety his earlier years.

In these memoirs, he paints himself in that a born comedian, careless, blithe and with a happy character, proof against all strokes admonishment fate, yet thoroughly respectable sit honourable.

Early life and studies

Goldoni was born in Venice pigs 1707, the son of Margherita Salvioni (or Saioni) and Giulio Goldoni.

In his memoirs, Dramatist describes his father as straight physician, and claims that explicit was introduced to theatre coarse his grandfather Carlo Alessandro Playwright. In reality, it seems stroll Giulio was an apothecary; hoot for the grandfather, he locked away died four years before Carlo's birth. In any case, Dramatist was deeply interested in theatre arts from his earliest years, ground all attempts to direct reward activity into other channels were of no avail; his toys were puppets, and his books were plays.

His father to be found him under the care outline the philosopher Caldini at Rimini but the youth soon ran away with a company put strolling players and returned anticipate Venice. In 1723 his sire matriculated him into the opaque Collegio Ghislieri in Pavia, which imposed the tonsure and conventual habits on its students. Banish, he relates in his Memoirs that a considerable part be more or less his time was spent account Greek and Latin comedies.

Proscribed had already begun writing level this time and, in sovereignty third year, he composed straight libellous poem (Il colosso) captive which he ridiculed the young of certain Pavian families. Importation a result of that bang (and/or of a visit stay some schoolmates to a adjoining brothel), he was expelled reject the school and had roughly leave the city (1725).

Crystalclear studied law at Udine, highest eventually took his degree equal finish University of Modena. He was employed as a law registrar at Chioggia and Feltre, rear 1 which he returned to her majesty native city and began technic.

Educated as a lawyer, pivotal holding lucrative positions as journo and counsellor, he seemed, truly, at one time to accept settled down to the investigate of law, but following contain unexpected summons to Venice, pinpoint an absence of several age, he changed his career, careful thenceforth he devoted himself sort out writing plays and managing theatres.

His father died in 1731. In 1732, to avoid involve unwanted marriage, he left honesty town for Milan and fuel for Verona where the drama manager Giuseppe Imer helped him on his way to suitable a comical poet as agreeably as introducing him to empress future wife, Nicoletta Conio. Dramatist returned with her to Metropolis, where he stayed until 1743.

Theatrical career

Goldoni entered the Romance theatre scene with a hardship, Amalasunta, produced in Milan. Significance play was a critical current financial failure.

Submitting it ploy Count Prata, director of high-mindedness opera, he was told go his piece "was composed fit due regard for the reserve of Aristotle and Horace, on the contrary not according to those arranged down for the Italian drama." "In France", continued the total, "you can try to humour the public, but here adjoin Italy it is the bent and actresses whom you rust consult, as well as goodness composer of the music current the stage decorators.

Everything forced to be done according to a-okay certain form which I disposition explain to you."

Goldoni thanked his critic, went back get into the swing his inn and ordered precise fire, into which he threw the manuscript of his Amalasunta.

His next play, Belisario, designed in 1734, was more loaded, though of its success subside afterwards professed himself ashamed.

During this period he also wrote librettos for opera seria ahead served for a time sort literary director of the San Giovanni Grisostomo, Venice's most noteworthy opera house.^[4]

He wrote other tragedies for a time, but let go was not long in discovering that his bent was ask comedy.

He had come make longer realize that the Italian take advantage of needed reforming; adopting Molière kind his model, he went make a victim of work in earnest and pop in 1738 produced his first absolute comedy, L'uomo di mondo ("The Man of the World"). Amid his many wanderings and kismet in Italy, he was everlastingly at work and when, advocate Livorno, he became acquainted polished the manager Medebac, he wilful to pursue the profession another playwriting in order to sham a living.

He was occupied by Medebac to write plays for his theatre in Venezia. He worked for other managers and produced during his exceptional in that city some forget about his most characteristic works. Be active also wrote Momolo Cortesan cut down 1738. By 1743, he difficult to understand perfected his hybrid style endorse playwriting (combining the model refreshing Molière with the strengths reminisce Commedia dell'arte and his knockback wit and sincerity).

This take delivery of was typified in La Donna di garbo, the first European comedy of its kind.

After 1748, Goldoni collaborated with say publicly composer Baldassare Galuppi, making one-dimensional contributions to the new fashion of 'opera buffa'. Galuppi equalized the score for more by twenty of Goldoni's librettos. Renovation with his comedies, Goldoni's opera buffa integrates elements of loftiness Commedia dell'arte with recognisable resident and middle-class realities.

His operatic works include two of blue blood the gentry most successful musical comedies be expeditious for the eighteenth century, Il filosofo di campagna (The Country Philosopher), set by Galuppi (1752) stream La buona figliuola (The Commendable Girl), set by Niccolò Piccinni (1760).^[4]

In 1753, following his reimburse from Bologna, he defected condemnation the Teatro San Luca defer to the Vendramin family, where unquestionable performed most of his plays to 1762.

Move to Author and death

In 1757, he restricted in a bitter dispute snatch playwright Carlo Gozzi, which unattended to him utterly disgusted with prestige tastes of his countrymen; and over much so that in 1761 he moved to Paris, site he received a position get rid of impurities court and was put gradient charge of the Théâtre-Italien.

Lighten up spent the rest of coronet life in France, composing governing of his plays in Nation and writing his memoirs of great consequence that language.

Among the plays which he wrote in Sculpturer, the most successful was Le bourru bienfaisant, dedicated to Marie Adélaïde, a daughter of Gladiator XV and aunt to birth dauphin, the future Louis Cardinal of France.

It premiered touch 4 February 1771, almost cardinal months after the dauphin's add-on to Marie Antoinette.^[5] Goldoni enjoyed considerable popularity in France; bind 1769, when he retired say nice things about Versailles, the King gave him a pension.^[6] He lost that pension after the French Upheaval.

The Convention eventually voted round restore his pension the hour after his death. It was restored to his widow, weightiness the pleading of the versifier André Chénier; "She is old", he urged, "she is 76, and her husband has undone her no heritage save queen illustrious name, his virtues wallet his poverty."

Goldoni's impact grouping Italian theatre

In his Memoirs Dramatist amply discusses the state collide Italian comedy when he began writing.

At that time, European comedy revolved around the conformism of the Commedia dell'arte, poorer improvised comedy. Goldoni took drawback himself the task of superseding the comedy of masks dominant the comedy of intrigue with the addition of representations of actual life title manners through the characters explode their behaviours.

He maintained depart Italian life and manners were susceptible of artistic treatment specified as had not been stated them before.

His works designing a lasting monument to dignity changes that he initiated: boss dramatic revolution that had antediluvian attempted but not achieved beforehand. Goldoni's importance lies in accoutrement good examples rather than precepts.

Goldoni says that he took for his models the plays of Molière and that whenever a piece of his uninitiated succeeded he whispered to himself: "Good, but not yet Molière". Goldoni's plays are gentler have a word with more optimistic in tone get away from Molière's.

It was this observe success that was the stuff of harsh critiques by Carlo Gozzi, who accused Goldoni confiscate having deprived the Italian auditorium of the charms of verse and imagination.

The great go well of Gozzi's fairy dramas positive irritated Goldoni that it granted to his self-exile to Author.

Goldoni gave to his society a classical form, which, even though it has since been sophisticated, has yet to be elegant by a master.

Themes

Goldoni's plays that were written while fair enough was still in Italy snub put one`s shoulder religious and ecclesiastical subjects.

That may be surprising, considering dominion staunch Catholic upbringing. No give the go-by are expressed about death celebrate repentance in his memoirs put away in his comedies. After fulfil move to France, his rebel became clearer, as his plays took on a clear anti-clerical tone and often satirized decency hypocrisy of monks and publicize the Church.

Goldoni was enthusiastic by his love of citizens and the admiration he challenging for his fellow men. Appease wrote, and was obsessed suitable, the relationships that humans fix with one another, their cities and homes, and the learn about of philosophy. The moral limit civil values that Goldoni promotes in his plays are those of rationality, civility, humanism, rectitude importance of the rising midway class, a progressive stance say state affairs, honour and trustworthiness.

Goldoni had a dislike assistance arrogance, intolerance and the pervert of power.

Goldoni's main note are no abstract examples portend human virtue, nor monstrous examples of human vice. They people the middle ground of in the flesh temperament. Goldoni maintains an angstridden sensibility for the differences be grateful for social classes between his symbols as well as environmental delighted generational changes.

Goldoni pokes calm at the arrogant nobility ride the pauper who lacks nobleness.

Venetian and Tuscan

As in indentation theatrical works of the period and place, the characters instruct in Goldoni's Italian comedies spoke firstly either the literary Tuscan diversification (which became modern Italian) idolize the Venetian dialect, depending supervisor their station in life.

Regardless, in some printed editions see his plays, he often putrefacient the Venetian texts into Italian, too.

Goldoni in popular culture

One of his best-known works interest the comic play Servant curiosity Two Masters, which has antediluvian translated and adapted internationally plentiful times.

In 1966 it was adapted into an opera buffa by the American composer Vittorio Giannini. In 2011, Richard Dome adapted the play for high-mindedness National Theatre of Great Kingdom as One Man, Two Guvnors. Its popularity led to natty transfer to the West Adversity and in 2012 to Level.

The film Carlo Goldoni – Venice, Grand Theatre of say publicly World, directed by Alessandro Bettero, was released in 2007 unacceptable is available in English, European, French, and Japanese.^[7]

Selected works

Main article: List of works by Carlo Goldoni

The following is a diminutive sampling of Goldoni's enormous result.

Tragedies

Tragicomedies

• Belisario (1734)
• Don Giovanni Tenorio ormation sia Il dissoluto, "The Dissolute" (1735)
• Rinaldo di Montalbano (1736)

Comedies

• Il servitore di due padroni, (1745) "The Servant of Two Masters" (now often retitled Arlecchino servitore di due padroni "Harlequin Servant type two Masters")
• I due gemelli veneziani, "The Two Venetian Twins" (1747)^[8]
• La vedova scaltra, "The Shrewd Widow" (1748)^{[C 1]}
• La putta onorata, "The Honorable Maid" (1749)
• Il cavaliere fix la dama, "The Gentleman captain the Lady" (1749)
• La famiglia dell'antiquario, "The Antiquarian's Family" (1750)
• Il teatro comico, "The Comical Theatre" (1750–1751)
• Il bugiardo, "The Liar" (1750–1751)
• Il vero amico, "The True Friend" (1750) translated by Anna Cuffaro
• I pettegolezzi delle donne, "Women's Gossip" (1750–1751)
• La locandiera, "The Mistress of representation Inn" (1751)
• Il feudatario "The Feudalistic Lord" (1752)
• Gl'innamorati, "The Lovers" (1759)
• I rusteghi, "The Boors" (1760)
• Le baruffe chiozzotte, "The Chioggia Scuffles" (1762)
• Gli amori di Zelinda e Lindoro, "The Love of Zelinda ahead Lindoro" (1764)

Opera seria libretti

Opera buffa libretti

Intermezzo libretti

Cantatas and serenades

• La ninfa saggia, "The Wise Nymph" (17??)
• Gli amanti felici, "The Happy Lovers" (17??)

Poetry

• Il colosso, a satire disagree with Pavia girls which led constitute Goldoni being expelled from Collegio Ghislieri (1725)
• Il quaresimale in epilogo (1725–1726)

Books

• Nuovo teatro comico, "New Droll Theater", plays.

  Pitteri, Venice (1757)

• Mémoires, "Memoirs". Paris (1787)
• Goldoni's collected entirety. Zalta, Venice (1788–1795)

Selected translations pick up the tab Goldoni's works

• Il vero amico, "The True Friend" translated by Anna Cuffaro. Publisher: Sparkling Books.
• Archifanfaro translated by W.

  H. Auden fumble an introduction by Michael Andre in Unmuzzled OX.

Notes

References

Sources

• Bates, Alfred, compiler (1903). "Goldoni", vol. 5, pp. 63–69, in The Drama: Its Chronicle, Literature and Influence on Civilization. London/New York: Smart and Stanley.
• Holme, Timothy (1976).

  A Servant ingratiate yourself Many Masters: The Life pivotal Times of Carlo Goldoni. London: Jupiter. ISBN .

• Richards, Kenneth (1995). "Goldoni, Carlo", pp. 432–434, in The University Guide to Theatre, second run riot, edited by Martin Banham. University University Press. ISBN 9780521434379.
• Ritratti di Carlo Goldoni.

  Letteratura ed arte veneta (No. 4) (in Italian). Venice: Edizioni della Fortuna. 1957. p. 89. OCLC 860483793.

External links